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Congruency

A rigid transformation is a special kind of transformation that doesn’t change the size or shape of a figure. We could imagine that it is made out of a solid material like wood or metal: we can move it, turn it, or flip it over, but we can’t stretch, bend, or otherwise deform it.

Which of these five transformations are rigid?

It turns out that there are just three different types of rigid transformations:

A transformation that simply moves a shape is called a translation.

A transformation that flips a shape over is called a reflection.

A transformation that spins a shape is called a rotation.

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A figure is "congruent" if, the intial and final shape after tranformation (flip,translation or rotation) remains the same.

In other words, the figure's dimensions, angles, and overall shape stay the same; only its position or orientation might change.