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Chapter 2: Sets > Hard Level Worksheet

Hard Level Worksheet

Very Short Answer Questions (1 Mark Each)

(1) Write the number of subsets of a set with 5 elements. Number of subsets =

Perfect! Using the formula 2n where n = 5, we get 25 = 32.

(2) If A = {x : x ∈ N and x < 4}, write A in roster form. A = { , , }

Correct! Natural numbers less than 4 are 1, 2, and 3.

(3) What is the complement of the universal set? =

Excellent! The complement of the universal set is the empty set.

(4) Define a finite set with an example. A finite set has a number of elements.

Perfect! Finite sets have a definite, countable number of elements.

(5) What is the power set of the empty set? P(∅) = { }

Correct! The power set of empty set contains only the empty set itself.

Short Answer Questions (2 Marks Each)

Note: Answer each question with steps and explanation, in 2-3 sentences. Write down the answers on sheet and submit to the school subject teacher.

(1) If A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {2, 4, 6}, and U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, find (i) A′ and (ii) B′.

A′ = U - A = { , }

B′ = U - B = { , , }

Excellent! Complement contains all elements in U that are not in the given set.

(2) Let A = {a, b, c}, B = {b, c, d}. Find (i) A ∩ B, (ii) A ∪ B, and represent the results using a Venn diagram.

A ∩ B = { , }

A ∪ B = { , , , }

Perfect! Intersection finds common elements, union combines all elements.

(3) If A = {2, 4, 6}, B = {3, 6, 9}, and C = {6}, verify: A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C).

B ∪ C = { , , }

A ∩ (B ∪ C) = { }

A ∩ B = { }, A ∩ C = { }

(A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C) = { }

Excellent verification! This proves the distributive property.

(4) Draw a Venn diagram for three sets A, B, and C, such that A ∩ B = ∅, B ⊂ C.

A and B are ( common elements)

B is a of C (all elements of are in )

Perfect understanding! This creates specific set relationships in the diagram.

(5) Let U = {1, 2, 3, ..., 10}, A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}, and B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. Find (i) A ∪ B, (ii) A ∩ B, (iii) A′.

A ∪ B = { , , , , , , , }

A ∩ B = { , }

A′ = { , , , , }

Excellent comprehensive set operations!

Long Answer Questions (4 Marks Each)

Note: Answer each question with steps and explanation. Write down the answers on sheet and submit to the school subject teacher.

(1) Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {3, 4, 5, 6}, C = {1, 3, 5, 7}. Verify: A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C).

B ∪ C = { , , , , , }

A ∩ (B ∪ C) = { , , }

A ∩ B = { , }

A ∩ C = { , }

(A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C) = { , , }

Perfect verification! Both sides are equal, proving the distributive law.

(2) Prove that the number of elements in A ∪ B is given by: n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A ∩ B). Using A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, B = {3, 4, 5, 6}, find n(A ∪ B).

n(A) = , n(B) =

A ∩ B = { , , }, so n(A ∩ B) =

A ∪ B = { , , , , , }, so n(A ∪ B) =

Verification: n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B) =

Excellent! This proves the inclusion-exclusion principle.

(3) A survey shows: 45 students like Mathematics, 30 like Science and 15 like both. Find how many students like only one subject and represent this using a Venn diagram.

Only Mathematics = students

Only Science = students

Students liking only one subject = students

Total students surveyed = students

Perfect application of set theory to real-world problems!

(4) Let A = {x : x is a factor of 12}, B = {x : x is a factor of 18}. Find A ∪ B and A ∩ B.

A = { , , , , , }

B = { , , , , , }

A ∪ B = { , , , , , , , }

A ∩ B = { , , , }

Excellent! Common factors are the common divisors of both numbers.

(5) In a class of 60 students, 36 like English, 27 like Telugu, and 12 like both. Find the number of students who like: (i) Only English (ii) Only Telugu (iii) Neither.

Only English = students

Only Telugu = students

Students liking at least one = students

Students liking neither = students

Perfect systematic analysis using Venn diagram principles!

Part B: Objective Questions (1 Mark Each)

Choose the correct answer and write the option (a/b/c/d)

(1) If A = {1, 3, 5}, B = {2, 4, 6}, then A ∩ B =

(a) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} (b) {} (c) {1, 3, 5} (d) {2, 4, 6}

(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
()
(1, 3, 5)
(2, 4, 6)

Correct! These sets have no common elements, so their intersection is empty.

(2) If a set has 3 elements, the number of elements in its power set is

(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 4 (d) 9

6
8
4
9

Correct! For n elements, power set has 2n subsets. So 2n = 8.

(3) The universal set for A = {2, 4}, B = {4, 6} is

(a) {2, 4} (b) {2, 4, 6} (c) {4, 6} (d) {2, 6}

(2, 4)
(2, 4, 6)
(4, 6)
(2, 6)

Correct! Universal set must contain all elements from both sets A and B.

(4) If A ∩ B = A, then

(a) A ⊂ B (b) B ⊂ A (c) A = B (d) A ∪ B = ∅

A ⊂ B
B ⊂ A
A = B
A ∪ B = ∅

Correct! If intersection equals A, then all elements of A are in B, so A ⊂ B.

(5) The number of subsets of a set with 6 elements is

(a) 64 (b) 36 (c) 32 (d) 128

64
36
32
128

Correct! Using 2n formula: 26 = 64 subsets.

(6) If A = {a, b}, then the power set of A is

(a) {a, b, ab} (b) {{}, {a}, {b}, {a, b}} (c) {{a, b}} (d) {ab, a, b, ∅}

(a, b, ab)
((), (a), (b), (a, b))
((a, b))
(ab, a, b, ∅)

Correct! Power set contains all possible subsets: empty set, singleton sets, and the full set.

(7) If A = {1, 2}, B = {2, 3}, then A′ ∩ B′ =

(a) {1} (b) {2} (c) {3} (d) Cannot be determined without U

(1)
(2)
(3)
Cannot be determined without U

Correct! Complements depend on the universal set, which is not given.

(8) Which of the following identities is true for any sets A and B?

(a) A ∪ A = ∅ (b) A ∩ A = ∅ (c) A ∪ A = A (d) A ∪ ∅ = ∅

A ∪ A = ∅
A ∩ A = ∅
A ∪ A = A
A ∪ ∅ = ∅

Correct! This is the idempotent law: union of a set with itself equals the set.

(9) In set theory, the symbol ∅ denotes

(a) Universal set (b) Complement (c) Empty set (d) Power set

Universal set
Complement
Empty set
Power set

Correct! ∅ (or φ) represents the empty set containing no elements.

(10) If A ⊂ B and B ⊂ C, then

(a) A ⊂ C (b) C ⊂ A (c) A = C (d) A ∩ C = ∅

A ⊂ C
C ⊂ A
A = C
A ∩ C = ∅

Correct! This demonstrates the transitivity property of subset relations.

A ∪ B
A ∩ B
A′
Combines all elements
Common elements only
Elements not in A
A ∪ ∅ = A
A ∩ U = A
(A′)′ = A
Union Operations
Intersection Operations
Complement Operations

Sets Challenge

Determine whether these statements about sets are True or False:

The empty set is a subset of every set
The power set of {a, b} has 3 elements
A ∪ B always equals A ∩ B
Every set is a proper subset of itself
If A ∩ B = A, then A ⊂ B
The complement of the universal set is empty

Sets Quiz

🎉 You Did It! What You've Learned:

By completing this worksheet, you now have a solid understanding of:

(1) Advanced Set Operations: Union, intersection, complement, and their properties

(2) Power Sets: Understanding that a set with n elements has 2ⁿ subsets

(3) Set Relationships: Subsets, proper subsets, and set equality

(4) Venn Diagrams: Visual representation of complex set relationships

(5) Set Identities: Distributive, associative, and De Morgan's laws

(6) Real-world Applications: Using sets to solve survey and classification problems

(7) Inclusion-Exclusion Principle: Formula for counting elements in unions

(8) Advanced Problem Solving: Applying set theory to mathematical and practical scenarios

Excellent work mastering advanced set theory concepts and their applications!